Essentials of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Description

Biochemistry is the discipline of science that studies chemical reactions in organisms. Biotechnology is a discipline of research that serves as a catalyst (device or instrument) in the study of biochemistry and many other branches of science. Biochemistry investigates cells at the molecular level, showing the complicated mechanisms in living systems. Biotechnology uses these improvements in understanding to benefit industry, health, and agriculture. For example, amino acids can be bonded covalently through peptide bonds to generate peptides, which can also be formed through incomplete hydrolysis of polypeptides. The acid-base behavior and chemical reactions of a peptide are determined by its amino-terminal amino group, carboxyl-terminal carboxyl group, and R groups. Peptides can be hydrolyzed to produce free amino acids. Some peptides exist in free form in cells and tissues and serve specialized biological activities. These include several hormones, antibiotics, and other peptides having potent biological activity. Biotechnology, at its most basic, is biology-based technology - biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to generate technologies and products that help enhance our lives and the health of our planet. For almost 6,000 years, we have harnessed microorganisms' biological processes to create valuable food products such as bread and cheese and preserve dairy goods. This book provides a concise introduction to the key characteristics of biochemistry and biotechnology and is being developed with students and academic professionals in mind.