Finger Prints Techniques

Description

Fingerprinting techniques have been introduced to treat information about complex samples. These methods have been found particularly suitable for investigating the metabolites released, in different circumstances, in vitro, by cellular cultures, and in vivo, by living organisms. Interesting and promising results have been obtained in breath analysis to correlate the exhaled breath composition with normal and abnormal conditions. Fingerprints are unique patterns, made by friction ridges (raised) and furrows (recessed), which appear on the pads of the fingers and thumbs. Prints from palms, toes and feet are also unique; however, these are used less often for identification, so this guide focuses on prints from the fingers and thumbs. The fingerprint is a physical biometric aspect. It is used to identify a person’s identity due to its uniqueness where no two persons can share the same fingerprint. Besides, a fingerprint is unchangeable with time and can be easily recognized during the whole life of the individual. Latent fingerprint development may be achieved with a wide array of optical, physical, and chemical processes, most having evolved during the past century. Because some techniques are often intricately related and continuously changing, it is imperative that those involved in laboratory and crime scene processing are well trained and well practiced. Fingerprints found at crime scenes or developed in the laboratory are categorized by some examiners as patent, latent, or plastic impressions. A plastic print is created when the substrate is pliable enough at the time of contact to record the three-dimensional aspects of the friction skin. These impressions are formed when the raised friction ridges are physically pushed into the substrate, creating a mold of the friction skin ridge structure. The authors explain the methodology employed for carrying out comparisons of effectiveness of various development techniques that clearly demonstrate how to select the most effective approaches. The text also explores how techniques can be used in sequence and with techniques for recovering other forms of forensic evidence.